Wall construction



E. N. WOOD.

WALL' CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED MN. 10. |916.

1 ,307,767. Patented June 24, 1919.

' lary. 4

nvenl'of;

Tammo /Y Woon EDWARD N. Woon, or omesso, rrrimors.

WALL consmaucrron.

`Specifiliation of Letters 'atent.

Patented J une 24,

Application filed January 10, 1916. Serial No. 71,24).

To all whom/15 may concern: y

Be it knownthat I, yEDWARD N; Woon, a citizen of the United States of America, residino` at Chicago, in the county of Cook and @tate of illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wall Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to wall construction and more especially to the construction of laterally bonded walls.`

In ordinary brick wall construction the wall is builtnp of sets of layers orcourses of brick arrangedlongitudinally of the wall in superposed tiers and known as stretchers. These sets areseparated, one from the other, by single courses of brick laid transversely of the wall and known as headers.` The several bricks are held together by some cementitious material such as` mortar,` cement, or the like, or by fire clay.

Walls, and especially furnace walls, settings andother like walls subjected to high degrees of heat, are found to `rapidly deteriorate when thusconstructed, the deterioration takin the form of separation of one tier of stretchers from the adj acenttier by reason of the insufiicient adhesion between the relatively smooth surface of the bricks ofthe headers and adjacentstretchers and the cementitious joint-filling material; This insufficient adhesionis further impaired by the disinte ation of the thick `joints of morn tar under t e influence of the high temperature of the furnace. y

The principal object of the invention is to provide an improved wall construction which will prevent such separation of the different tiers, `the construction being such that 'only bricks and "cementitious material are used in the wall,no metallicbonding beingJ required.

In boiler settingsand furnace wallsjespecially'it is `found that the tier of bricks nexi-J the fire (generallyre brick) is prone to separate from the jrernainderof fthe` tiers when the wall is constructed in the common manner. "This is caused bythe uneq`11al"e`2- pansion of the re` and common brick, and by thewedging action of the disintegrating mortarand clay in sifting downwardinto the openingjolnt `and packing under the vibration of the wall, alternately resisting the eii'ort to return tonormal position under lowering of temperature and stillfurtherlll` boiler ing and packing as the wall opens out under increase of temperature. Owing to the dis` integration of the mortar and clay sur roundingI thatpart of the tire brick header projecting into the wall, the fire brick lining becomespractically independent of the support of the adjacent wall, making it sensitive to the overturningwedge actionof the `silting mortar and clay.

A .second important` bject of the invention is to provide means for interlocking the` headers in the tier next the fire or heat with headers in the interior of the wall so as to prevent suoli separation as above referred to.

In'partv walls between furnaces and the like both of the outer tiers are thus exposed to intense heat and a third importantobject of the invention is to provide a wall wherein all the tiers will `be held together by mechanically interlocked headers` With the above and otherobjects in view, as will beliereinafter apparent, "the inven tion consists in" general of certain novel constructional arrangements `and improved details hereinafter "fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings set forth in the claims. i

\ In the accompanying drawings likechar acters of reference indicate like parts in the several views, and

and

`Figure lis a cross section through a boiler setting showing an outer and a partition wall constructed in accordance with this'invention. e i

Figli?, is an enlarged detail view of one form of bond 'for a wall constructed in accordance herewith. i

Fig. 3 isapartial cross section through asix tier wall bonded from side to@ side in accordance herewith;

Fig. e is adetail view ofone form of headeror locking brick.- i y e Fig. 5 is yla detail view showing two bricks of modiiied forni interlocked. i "Fig 6` is aview `similarto Fig."5 but illustrating a second `modification of ythe `formof he header locking bricks. e

Fig; 7 is a view of the wall constructed in the ordinary manner, the wall being shown in cross section, and the separation of the iire bricks from the body of the wall being indicated.

\ illustrated in rig. i, a wen built een d of the form a series of courses eachcomposed of longitudinally extending bricks 10 and these courses are arranged in sets which are separated by headers, as will be hereinafter described. In Fig. l a boiler setting has been indicated 'whereina lining of fire brick as indicated at 11 is employed, the brick 10 being of common variety such as the ordinary red lclay brick. In separating Athe diiferent sets of stretchers it is preferred to employ, in some instances, headers 12 of red brick and only use a single locking 'header 13. rlhis is permissible by reason of the fact that the mortar which is mechanically locked to such locking header will have a very considerable degree of adhesion to the porous red brick, while if the locking header was made of the `ordinary smooth form, the mortar would not properly 'adhere to the smooth fire clay brick. It is to be noted that the headers, such as indicated at 13, may be shown in F ig.' 4, wherein one face of the brickis provided with a prismatic projection 14 and a prismatic recess 15 or they may be of the form shown in Fig. 5, wherein one face of'each is provided With corrugations'l. Asa variant the headers may have their faces serrated as shown at 17 in Figs. 6 or they fmay be of any other form'which is found desirable. In connection with such headers I preferably provide half-headers 18 which have their faces next to the irregular face of the header formed to interlock therewith, such construction being clearly shown in Figs. l and 2.

second manner of using the locking headers vis illustrated in the outer wallof Fig. l and is preferably used at the center of height of such a wall where the tendency to bulge and separate is greater. In-this arrangement `one of the locking headers is bedded in the centerof the wall as illustrated at 19, while a second header 20 interlocks -therewith so that there is a greater amount of resistance kto any tendency of the lining of the lire brick to separate from the balance ofthe wall. Where party walls are employed as shown in Fig.fl it is advisable illustrated while to interlock the partsxs'o that both of the `outer faces ofthe -Wall are mechanically locked together. This-is-elfected by employing a lower -c'ours'e of"interlocking headers 21 and an upper V-cours'e of interlocking headers 22 locked with the headers 21 mechanically as illustrated and extending in the two courses from side-to side of the wall. In Fig. l a four tier and a ve tierwall are inF ig. 3 a-six tier wall is illustrated and in this instance it is vnecessary to cut off halfof certain of the-headers at the ends, the portion removed being illustrated by the dotted*y outline-at 23.v This thorough tyingof the ties isfalso illustrated at 21 and 22 of the outer wall of F1 g. 1.

It is obvious thatthis construction is not restricted to furnace walls or to walls of "composite nature, but may be used with walls made entirely from the same class of brick but it is found especially valuable to use thek construction where facing brick of any class are to be bonded to a Wall constructed mainly of an inferior grade of brick.

In furnace work it is found that the tendency of lire brick lining is to separate from the body of the wall by detachment of the headers and inward bulging of the lire brick lining as clearly illustrated by the lining` 2i of Fig. 7. This is occasioned by the fact that there is a different coefficient of expansion in fire and ordinary brick as well as by the fact that the inner tier or lining is exposed to a much more intense heat than the outer tiers and that, clay in the form of brick being a poor conductor of heat, the outer tiers of the wall remain practically cold, while the inner tier may have its face at a red heat.

It is to be observed from the foregoing that this construction provides for the secure lnechanieal bonding of the facing tiers of bricks in a wall to the body of the Wall and that the construction can be utilized for bonding all of the tiers from side to side and all vthis without the use of any metallic bond or eXtra parts other than the brick and eement utilized to build the wall itself.

What I claim as new is v 1. A wall structure comprising stretchers of fiat-faced bricks, headers of bricks interposed between the bricks of the stretchers, and a binder between adjacent faces of the bricks of the stretchers, said bricks of the headers being of uniform configuration and having one transversely uniformly undulated face, the remaining faces being flat, and said header bricks being arranged. in superimposed offset interlocking relation presenting unmatched portions with depressions receiving the binder therein to anchor the headers in the structure between, the stretchers. y

.-2. In a wall construction, the combination of the usual flat-faced lbricks secured together by mortar in the usual manner, with tie members of uniform conguration substantially conforming to ythe form of said bricks interposed in the wall structure between vsaid bricks, each having all except one face fiat, the one being uniformly transversely undulated, and saidtie members being arranged in superimposed offset interlocking relation presenting unmatched portions with depressi'ons receiving the mortar therein to anchor the tie members in the wall structure. l

k3. In ywall construction, Vthe combination of stretchers formed of the usual fiat faced bricks, and a binder securing said bricks t0- gether, of headers arranged between the stretchers and each comprising two layers of bricks of the usual thickness and size of the bricks in the stretchers and provided with interiitting contacting faces and outer flat faces for contact with the mortar of the stretchers, said layers of the heading being arranged in longitudinally overlapping re lation with the projecting end of one of the layers interitting in the bricks of the stretchers and having the corrugated face thereof embedded in the mortar of the stretchers to anchor the headers therein.

et. A composite structural wall having a facing of fire brick and a core of plain brick and consisting cf a multiplicity of elongated units of uniform size arranged as courses of stretchers and headers, said units being united by coherent material, certain of said units of the headers and the facing having intertting contacting faces to mechanically interlock the facing to the headers, the units of said headers having interfitting abutting faces and being arranged in overlapping relation, the inner ends of the headers being interfaced between the plain bricks of the core and the coherent material being embedded in the exposed interfitting faces of the headers.

5. In a building construction, abonding block of substantially rectangular form having five at faces and provided on the remaining face with a transverse depression and a complemental transverse projection, the projection and depression being spaced 'Copies of this patent may be obtained for substantially equi-distant between the ends and center of the face at opposite sidesof said center, whereby two similar blocks may be interlocked in offset relation with the projection of one block interfltting with the recess in the other block.

6. A bonding block of substantially rectangular form having a single transverse projection on one face intermediate one end and the center thereof and a single depression in said face intermediate the other end and said center of a form to lit said projection, the remaining faces of said block being fiat.

7. A wall structure including stretchersof {iat-faced bricks, headers ef bricks interposed between the bricks of the stretchers, said bricks of the headers being of uniform configuration, each having one uniformly undulated face and arranged in superimposed oset interlocking relation to present ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

